// Archive
Disputes
14 arguments that organize Western philosophy.
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First articulated in · Pre-Socratic
First articulated in · Classical Greek
First articulated in · Hellenistic & Roman
First articulated in · Late Antiquity
First articulated in · Medieval
The Problem of Universals
Do universal categories — redness, humanity — exist independently of the things that have them?
3 eras
Faith and Reason
Can reason prove the truths of revelation, or must they be received on faith?
4 eras
Does God Exist?
Three families of argument, three centuries of counter-argument.
4 eras
First articulated in · Renaissance & Reformation
First articulated in · Early Modern
Rationalism vs. Empiricism
Where does knowledge come from — reason or experience?
1 era
The Mind-Body Problem
How do mind and matter relate? Are they two things, or one, or neither?
2 eras
Nature vs. Society
Are humans naturally good and corrupted by society, or naturally brutal and saved by it?
3 eras
Are There Innate Ideas?
Is the mind born furnished or empty?
3 eras